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I.A. Richards Figurative Language (Practical Criticism)

This blog task is given by dilip sir. The I.A. Richards Figurative Language (Practical Criticism) . First I selected the poem No.9  and then I write this blog how understand I am this poem.

No: 9 सदियों पुराना 


तुम्हारे भीतर है
सदियों पुराना 
एक खूसट बूढ़ा
जो लाठियां ठकठकाते
अभी भी अपनी मुंछों को
तेल पिलाते रहता है
आखिर तुम कैसे
उसकी झुर्रियों के जाल से
बाहर आ पाओगी

तुम्हारे भीतर है
हमारी छटपटाती
भूखी इच्छाएं
खूनी वासनाएं

इन सबके बीच
आखिर कब तक
रह पाओगी
तुम वह मीठा झरना
जिसमें तैरती हैं
मछलियां
किनारे पर जिसके
पड़ी होती हैं सीपियां

तुम्हारे भीतर है
सदियों पुराना 
एक खूसट बूढ़ा
जो लाठियां ठकठकाते
अभी भी अपनी मुंछों को
तेल पिलाते रहता है
आखिर तुम कैसे
उसकी झुर्रियों के जाल से
बाहर आ पाओगी

तुम्हें बंद करने होंगे
वे सारे दरवाजे
जो खोल रखे हैं
उस खूसट बूढ़े ने
आखिर कोई कैसे
सदियों तक अपनी जमीन
बंधक रहने दे सकता है

Summary:

This poem delves into the internal conflicts and inherited burdens within an individual. It portrays an ancient, stubborn old man symbolizing outdated traditions, societal expectations, and inherited constraints that persist within one's psyche. The speaker questions how one can escape the grip of these antiquated influences and their lingering effects. The poem also highlights the struggle between natural purity (symbolized by a serene, life-giving stream) and the darker, suppressed desires and societal pressures that exist within.

Ultimately, it urges the individual to close the metaphorical doors that keep these oppressive influences alive and reclaim personal freedom and authenticity, suggesting that no one should let their inner world remain bound by the weight of history and inherited limitations.

 Analyze:

This poem reflects the internal conflict between oppressive societal traditions and the individual’s aspirations for freedom and authenticity. It uses the metaphor of an "old man" (खूसट बूढ़ा) to represent ancient, rigid norms and patriarchal expectations that continue to dominate and restrict personal growth.

Key Points:

1. The Burden of Tradition:

The "old man" symbolizes deeply ingrained societal conventions and outdated beliefs that perpetuate control and limit the freedom of thought and action.

His persistent presence illustrates how these traditions are still alive and oppressive.


2. Inner Desires and Struggles:

The poem highlights the presence of suppressed desires and primal instincts ("छटपटाती भूखी इच्छाएं" and "खूनी वासनाएं") within the individual, creating a conflict between the need for self-expression and imposed restrictions.


3. A Struggle for Purity and Freedom:

The individual is likened to a "sweet stream" (मीठा झरना) full of life and purity, representing hope and potential.

However, this purity is at risk due to the conflicting forces of tradition and internal turmoil.


4. Call for Liberation:

The poet urges the individual to close the "doors" that the "old man" has kept open—symbolizing the need to reject and move beyond oppressive traditions.

It is a plea to reclaim one’s "land" (identity and freedom) and refuse to let it remain mortgaged to antiquated societal norms.


The poem is a powerful metaphorical exploration of personal and societal struggle, emphasizing the need for self-liberation from historical and cultural constraints.

Glossary:

 वासनाएं :कल्पना, आइडिया, इच्छा, झुकाव 
 झुर्रियों :आपकी त्वचा पर बनने वाली रेखाएँ हैं 
 सीपियां :एक प्रकार की मछली, गहरा काला रंग
 बंधक  :दो लोगों के बीच एक लेन-देन: उधारकर्ता और ऋणदाता 

Difficulty :

Why is the old man described with such vivid details like "लाठियां ठकठकाते" and "मूंछों को तेल पिलाते"?

How does the presence of the old man represent psychological or societal constraints?

 How does the act of closing these doors represent liberation or transformation?

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